Advitiya Vascular Centre · Patient education · Published 1 November 2026
A varicocele does not automatically need a procedure. Treatment is considered according to symptoms, examination and fertility findings. Embolisation and surgery are different ways to treat abnormal venous drainage; neither guarantees pain relief or pregnancy. [1–3]
What is a varicocele?
A varicocele is enlargement of veins around a testicle in the scrotum. It may be associated with aching, swelling or fertility problems, but a lump or pain needs examination because other conditions can cause similar symptoms. Clinical assessment and, where appropriate, ultrasound help establish the diagnosis. [1, 4]
Does every varicocele need treatment?
No. A scan finding alone is not a reason to book a procedure. For fertility-related treatment, a palpable varicocele, abnormal semen results and the couple’s overall fertility assessment matter. AUA/ASRM guidance advises against varicocelectomy for a non-palpable varicocele found only on imaging. Persistent symptoms should be assessed before deciding whether treatment is appropriate. [2]
What happens during varicocele embolisation?
An interventional radiologist passes a fine catheter through a vein, commonly from the neck or groin, under imaging guidance. Contrast outlines the abnormal drainage. Coils and/or an embolic agent close the abnormal vein so blood can drain through other pathways. This uses a small skin puncture rather than an operation on the scrotum. [1]
Varicocele embolisation versus surgery: which is better for me?
Surgery closes the abnormal veins through an operative approach, while embolisation treats them from inside the veins. Suitability depends on the anatomy, previous treatment, symptoms, fertility goals and the experience of the treating team. Ask a urologist and interventional radiologist to explain the alternatives, including observation. Embolisation is an option, not a universally superior replacement for surgery. [1–3]
Can treatment improve sperm quality or help us conceive?
Some appropriately selected patients may benefit, but improved semen parameters do not guarantee a pregnancy. Both partners’ fertility factors and available fertility treatments should be considered. Evidence supporting surgery in selected men should not be presented as proof that every embolisation produces the same fertility outcome. Discuss the expected benefit and timing with your fertility team. [1, 2]
What are the risks and limitations of embolisation?
Possible problems include puncture-site bleeding, infection, vein injury, contrast reaction, discomfort and unintended movement of embolic material. X-rays involve radiation. Occasionally the catheter cannot reach the target vein, or treatment is incomplete. Ask how these risks apply to your anatomy and medical history. [1, 3]
How soon can I return to work, exercise and sex?
Many patients go home after observation, but discharge and activity restrictions vary. Follow the treating team’s instructions about driving after sedation, work, lifting, exercise and sexual activity. Some discomfort can follow treatment. Obtain a written recovery plan and contact instructions rather than relying on a fixed online recovery deadline. [3]
Can a varicocele return after embolisation?
Yes. Persistent or recurrent abnormal drainage may need reassessment and sometimes another procedure. Follow-up should consider the original treatment goal, symptoms and any planned fertility testing; an initial technical success is not the same as a guaranteed long-term result. [1, 3]
What should I bring, and how is the cost decided?
Bring ultrasound images and reports, previous procedure records, semen analyses if available and your medication list. Ask for an itemised estimate covering the hospital, imaging, embolic materials, anaesthesia or sedation and follow-up. Your quote should reflect the proposed procedure and your individual assessment.
Arrange an assessment in Jayanagar, Bengaluru
Advitiya Vascular Centre brings together Dr Siddharth Matad, Vascular & Endovascular Surgery, and Dr Naveen Chandrashekhar, Vascular & Interventional Radiology. The appropriate specialist assessment depends on the problem; urology or fertility care may also be needed.
No. 99, Ground Floor, 6th Main Road, 40th Cross, Jayanagar 5th Block, Bengaluru 560041. Consultations: Monday–Saturday, 4:30–7:30 PM IST; Sunday closed. Call +91 96327 83001 to confirm an appointment. Contact and directions. Procedures needing hospital facilities are coordinated separately after assessment. Emergency symptoms require immediate hospital care.
Sources and further reading
- ACR/RSNA RadiologyInfo: Varicocele embolization
- AUA/ASRM male infertility guideline, amended 2024
- Cambridge University Hospitals: Varicocele embolisation
- NHS: Testicle pain
Sources checked 1 November 2026. Treatment requires individual clinical assessment.